See:
fear,
fright,
panic
COWARDICE. Pusillanimity; fear.
2. By the act for the better government of the navy of the United
States, passed April 21, 1800, 1 Story, L. U. S. 761; it is enacted, art. 5,
"every officer or private who shall not properly observe the orders of his
commanding officer, or shall not use his utmost exertions to carry them into
execution, when ordered to prepare for, join in, or when actually engaged in
battle; or shall, at such time, basely desert his duty or station, either
then, or while in sight of an enemy, or shall induce others to do so, every
person so offending, shall, on conviction thereof by a general court martial,
suffer death, or such other punishment as the said court shall adjudge.
3.-Art. 6. "Every officer or private who shall, through cowardice,
negligence, or disaffection, in the time of action, withdraw from, or keep
out of battle, or shall not do his utmost to take or destroy every vessel
which it is his duty to encounter, or shall not do his utmost endeavor to
afford relief to ships belonging to the United States, every such offender
shall, on conviction thereof by a general court martial, suffer death, or
such other punishment as the said court shall adjudge."
4. By the act for establishing rules and articles for the government of
the armies of the United States, passed April 10, 1806, it is enacted, art.
52, "any officer or soldier, who shall misbehave himself before the enemy,
run away, or shamefully abandon any fort, post, or guard, which he or they
may be commanded to defend, or speak, words inducing others to do the like,
or shall cast away his arms and ammunition, or who shall quit his post or
colors to plunder and pillage, every such offender, being duly convicted
thereof, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be ordered by
the sentence of a general court martial."