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noscitur a sociis

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Three well-known maxims are particularly relevant: ejusdem generis, noscitur a sociis, and expressio unius est exclusio alterius.
The court relied on the maxim noscitur a sociis (a word is known by the company it keeps) to conclude that "the nine verbs accompanying 'harm' all involve a substantially direct application of force, which the [FWS's] concept of forbidden habitat modification altogether lacks.
1963) (ejusdem generis refers to construing statutory enumerations by viewing an enumeration as "of the same kind of species;" such being a specific application of the broader noscitur a sociis, "which means that general and specific words which are capable of an analogous meaning being associated together take color from each other, so that the general words are restricted to a sense analogous to the less general.
 
 
 
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