Importantly, reduced expression of calbindin within the hippocampal
granule cells has reportedly been found in the postmortem brain of individuals suffering from TLE [75].
Intriguingly, although in the in vivo recordings
granule cells displayed an impairment of their input excitation, their output in the form of action potential firing was not compromised in the absence of NL1 (Figure 3(a)) [42].
Spencer, "Prolonged GABA responses in dentate
granule cells in slices isolated from patients with temporal lobe sclerosis," Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.
In vivo and in vitro it was demonstrated that only a 2-5% fraction of
granule cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons are spontaneously active and a monoquantal release was described [42-44].
Granule cells, unipolar brush cells and cells of the (excitatory) cerebellar nuclei, all of which are excitatory neurons, are generated at the upper rhombic lip located at the dorsal edge of the cerebellar primordium.
Although in this study the mechanisms underlying the reductions in the number of cerebellar
granule cells and decrease in the size of perikaryon of purkinje cells were not investigated, however, it is known that glucocorticoids easily cross the blood-brain barrier and acts on CNS.
There, the
granule cells inhibit the neurons that receive sensory inputs.
(2012) Decreased tonic inhibition in cerebellar
granule cells causes motor dysfunction in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome.
Nicotera, "Colchicine induces apoptosis in cerebellar
granule cells," Experimental Cell Research, vol.
A previous study has shown that in an adult mouse cerebellum, the [alpha]1 Na/K pump subunit is expressed in
granule cells and glomeruli, [alpha]2 subunits are expressed in astrocytes, and [alpha]3 subunits are expressed in Purkinje cells, basket cell processes, and mossy fiber glomeruli [7].
Heterotopic cerebellar
granule cells inside the plexiform layer.
Immunohistochemical markers were used to identify the new cells which included excitatory
granule cells, astrocytes, and a very small number of the interneurons.