'Intestinal stem cells can generate
ketone bodies by themselves, and use them to sustain their own stemness through fine-tuning a hardwired developmental pathway that controls cell lineage and fate,' Cheng says.
Metabolism of
ketone bodies during exercise and training: Physiological basis for exogenous supplementation.
The harmful effects of ketoacidosis on the fetus are caused by
ketone bodies and glucose passing the placental barrier, dehydration, which leads to decreased placental perfusion and electrolyte imbalance [18].
Methods used to control
ketone bodies can be used in self-monitoring.
Insulin effectively converts
ketone bodies to bicarbonate if the former have not been lost in the urine with excessive fluid administration.
Ketone bodies, including acetone and acetoacetate, were produced by the liver from fatty acids and then converted into acetyl-CoA which then enters the TCA cycle.
They cause enhanced lipolysis, causing the release of free fatty acids to the liver, where they are preferentially converted into
ketone bodies. Furthermore, prolonged vomiting causes dehydration, which in turn decreases renal perfusion and limits urinary excretion of ketoacids.
Unfortunately, ketones are perhaps best known in medicine for their role in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a dangerous consequence of uncontrolled diabetes caused by a buildup of
ketone bodies in the blood that disrupts the serum acid/base balance.
Dixit and colleagues focused on how macrophages, the specialized immune cells that produce inflammation, react when exposed to
ketone bodies and whether that impacts the inflammasome complex.
MCTs supply the brain with alternative fuel (
ketone bodies) instead of the conventional glucose in order to fuel metabolic functions inside the brain, thus enhancing cognitive processes.
Working with mice and human immune cells, Dixit and colleagues focused on how macrophages -- specialized immune cells that produce inflammation -- respond when exposed to
ketone bodies and whether that impacts the inflammasone complex.