More specifically, subjects who received the derived extinction procedure avoided the derived aversive stimulus 24% of the time, whereas subjects who received the direct extinction procedure avoided the direct aversive stimulus 76% of the time.
B1 is the direct aversive stimulus and B2 is the direct pleasant stimulus.
Subjects will not typically emit aggressive responses in the absence of provocation (Azrin, Hutchinson, & McLaughlin, 1965; Kelly, Cherek, Steinberg, & Robinson, 1988), and escape from an
aversive stimulus (e.
The purpose of this phase was to ensure that the putative
aversive stimulus (the tone) functioned as a negative reinforcer.
Therefore, people assume that manual restraint functions as a positive punisher in its ability (in a given case) to act as an
aversive stimulus presentation.
Learned Learned helplessness refers to a variety of Helplessness paradigms in which the animal is exposed to an inescapable
aversive stimulus (e.
In other words, these individuals have a persistent AO for pain as an
aversive stimulus, and this condition may last across an individual's lifespan.
The consequence can be the introduction of an
aversive stimulus (i.
The motivating operation in a story can be termed a literary motivating operation or story motivating operation to (a) differentiate it from motivating operations that are not a part of stories; (b) distinguish the special property of the
aversive stimulus as being a source of interest to the reader; and (c) specify that the
aversive stimulus is temporary and will be removed or resolved by the outcome of the story.
Trace conditioning with X-rays as an
aversive stimulus.
Forgiveness is the reduction of conditioned
aversive stimulus or threat after a response has been made.
i) An
aversive stimulus may elicit responses which are incompatible with the punished response (e.
