Energy-dependent efflux of macrolides from target cells by a cell membrane transporter has been associated with the presence of mef genes.
The increased use of fluoroquinolones has been associated with the emergence and spread of resistance to these agents (37), and local clonal dissemination of S.
* In utero exposure to valproic acid, another anticonvulsant, has
been associated with neural tube defects and heart, craniofacial, and limb anomalies (Kallen et al.
High concentrations of glucose in culture media have
been associated with decreased embryo quality, defined by cleavage rates, degree of fragmentation, and blastocyst development (Coates et al.
grahamii has previously
been associated with human disease (11), although the pathogenic potential of B.
Living or working in water-damaged buildings or as a consequence of reconstruction of water-damaged buildings has also
been associated with outbreaks of respiratory problems (8,9).
Andes, Lechiguanas, Hu39694, and Oran have
been associated with human disease, and the putative reservoirs of three of these genotypes are two species of Oligoryzomys: O.
Prospect Hill virus, an indigenous North American hantavirus, was isolated from the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) as early as 1982 (11) but has never
been associated with human disease.
Such an increase involving deer mouse populations may have
been associated with the first recognized outbreak of HPS in the southwestern United States in 1993 (7).