To further examine any changes associated with the contact and activity of
bipolar cells, we looked at the paired PKC[alpha]/Bassoon profile which accounts for ON-rod
bipolar cells and the photoreceptor synaptic ribbon, respectively.
(2013) Independent control of reciprocal and lateral inhibition at the axon terminal of retinal
bipolar cells. J.
Awatramani et al., "Light-activated channels targeted to ON
bipolar cells restore visual function in retinal degeneration," Nature Neuroscience, vol.
Lebel et al., "The Iroquois homeobox gene, Irx5, is required for retinal cone
bipolar cell development," Developmental Biology, vol.
The scientists observed significant changes in the component of the ERG that measures the response of the
bipolar cells, supporting their earlier findings.
Skate
bipolar cells are readily identified in culture.
Activation of GABAc receptors increases presynaptic [Cl.sup.-] influx, hyperpolarizing
bipolar cell and thereby inhibiting [Ca.sup.2+] entry via L-type [Ca.sup.2+]-channels [11,21, 38].
The cones contact both depolarizing
bipolar cells (DBCs) and hyperpolarizing
bipolar cells (HBCs) through sign-inverting (−) synapses (ON synapse) and sign-preserving (+) synapses (OFF synapse), respectively.
Long arrows indicate double-labeled
bipolar cells with long prolongations situated parallel to smooth muscle fibers.
(D) Retinal explant labeling of PKC[alpha] to mark rod
bipolar cells under each experimental condition.
Previous studies showed that besides photoreceptors, Muller cells as well as depolarizing
bipolar cells are also closely associated with changes in ERG b-waves [13-17].