The results showed that the zero
contact transmission, or ZCT, prototype produced 42 percent more energy over a two-year test period.
There is no conclusive evidence that any single factor, whether it be a specific temperature, RH, or geographic location can be universally applied to the wide variety of infectious viruses to reduce airborne or
contact transmission, but there is pervasive evidence in the literature that the survival of viruses and other infectious agents depends partially on levels of RH.
In the hemodialysis setting,
contact transmission plays a major role in transmission of bloodborne pathogens (e.g., HBV and HCV).
The patient's clinical presentation, epidemiologic history, and positive vaccinia virus test results met CDC's case definition for vaccinia
contact transmission (5).
Direct
contact transmission of A/feline/NY/16 virus was detected in all 3 pairs of cats, with both seroconversion and virus isolation in 2 pairs (Table 4).
This report describes the subsequent investigations conducted by the Virginia Department of Health and CDC to identify the source of infection and any cases of
contact transmission. Of the patient's 102 possible contacts, seven had underlying risk factors for developing serious vaccinia infection.
We inoculated 16 ducklings with WFBV, housed 1 sham-inoculated duckling with the inoculated ducklings to act as a
contact transmission control, and housed 5 sham-inoculated ducklings together in a separate room as controls.
Contact transmission in the setting of extensive environmental contamination is a common mechanism for transmission of bloodborne pathogens in hemodialysis units (2).
In addition, none of the infected alpacas had a noticeable nasal discharge, which is distinctly different from what has been observed in camels and might explain the relatively low efficiency of
contact transmission we observed with alpacas.
The male-to-male sexual
contact transmission category represented 72% of new infections among males, including 81% of new infections among whites, 63% among blacks, and 72% among Hispanics.
The direct
contact transmission of SFTSV has been reported in family clusters among persons with no history of tick bites, suggesting that person-to-person transmission may also occur (13-15).
Unintentional transfer of vaccinia virus can occur from a vaccination site to a second site on the vaccinee (inadvertent autoinoculation) or to a close contact (
contact transmission) (1).
