Effects of TRAIL and taurolidine on apoptosis and proliferation in human rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and
epithelioid cell sarcoma.
Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) belong to the broader group of neoplasms known as perivascular
epithelioid cell tumors or PEComas.
These lesions were called hyalinizing spindle and
epithelioid cell nevus, thereby adding a new category to the previously described unusual variants of Spitz nevi (Table 1).
Perivascular
epithelioid cell tumors are a group of neoplasms that include renal angiomyolipomas, clear cell "sugar" tumor, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
Epithelioid AML, the second group of renal AMLs, are composed of sheets of
epithelioid cells that can behave aggressively, with the potential for metastasis and resultant adjuvant therapy.
The problem of tetraploidy in melanoma FISH results was first noted by Dr Gerami's group, (6,17) who reported 10% and 14% tetraploidy rates in Spitz nevi and combined nevi with an
epithelioid cell component, respectively.
Bonsin and colleagues showed a focally expression of HMB 45 in cortical leiomyomas and suggested a relationship to AMLs and other tumours of the perivascular
epithelioid cell family.
Under light microscopy, the tumor will exhibit a pleomorphic
epithelioid cell population of malignant cells.
Moreover, the morphologically gray area may also contain other morphologically intermediate tumors, controversial and conceptually not well defined and considered to be biologically intermediate (borderline) by some (MBITs); this second group may include some deep penetrating nevi (some of them termed as atypical deep penetrating nevi/tumors), some inverted/clonal nevi, nevi with proliferative nodules, some hypermelanotic melanocytic tumors (variously termed as epithelioid pigmented melanocytoma/epithelioid blue nevus/animal type melanoma), some blue nevi (termed as atypical blue nevi), some Reed nevi (termed as atypical Reed nevi), and some large spindle and/or
epithelioid cell lesions (termed as atypical Spitz nevi/tumors).
However, the appearance of a "standard"
epithelioid cell is variable because some
epithelioid cells can have small nuclei and small nucleoli with limited amounts of cytoplasm, while other
epithelioid cells can have large eccentrically-placed vesicular pleomorphic nuclei and prominent macronucleoli and abundant cytoplasm.
Spindlecell and
epithelioid cell nevi with atypia and metastasis (malignant Spitz nevus).
Melanomas exhibit a variety of morphologic patterns, including spindle and
epithelioid cell forms, and, therefore, enter into the differential diagnosis of GIST.
