Probability

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PROBABILITY. That which is likely to happen; that which is most consonant to reason; for example, there is a strong probability that a man of a good moral character, and who has heretofore been remarkable for truth, will, when examined as a witness under oath, tell the truth; and, on the contrary, that a man who has been guilty of perjury, will not, under the same circumstances, tell the truth; the former will, therefore, be entitled to credit, while the latter will not.

A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856.
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If a patient has a symptom such as abnormal bleeding, they no longer fit into the population with a low pretest probability for having cervical cancer.
When NOT to perform a Pap test
Iles et al, (7) evaluated the effect of clinical experience on pretest probability calculated by Wells and Geneva score.
Usefulness of clinical prediction rules, D-dimer, and arterial blood gas analysis to predict pulmonary embolism in cancer patients
It is recommended that when there is high pretest probability, patients with a normal test result should be referred to the endocrinologist for further assessment [2].
Screening for Cushing Syndrome at the Primary Care Level: What Every General Practitioner Must Know
The HM pathway is successful largely because the physicians working within the SDC identify patients for HM with a high pretest probability for mild or moderate OSA.
Investigating Cost Implications of Incorporating Level III At-Home Testing into a Polysomnography Based Sleep Medicine Program Using Administrative Data
We hope to continue in the long term with the new referral procedure which provides practical real-life support of the recent ACCP statement: "In patients who have a low pretest probability of VTE, as defined by the Wells prediction criteria, a negative, high-sensitivity D-dimer assay for VTE has sufficiently high negative predictive value to reduce the need for further imaging studies".
Are too many compression ultrasounds being performed for acute lower limb deep venous thrombosis in tertiary inpatients?
Having taken approval from hospital research ethical committee and informed consent, patients presenting into emergency department of AFIC, with suspicion of acute coronary syndrome, were categorized into low, intermediate and high pretest probability of acute coronary syndrome, based on history, examination, findings of initial ECG and results of cardiac biomarkers (Troponin T or CK MB).
CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAM IN THE ASSESSMENT OF SUSPECTED ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
[sup][1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6] As a result, in 2013 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on the Management of SCAD (2013G), [sup][7] importance was given to systematical testing with the consideration of pretest probability and the updated Diamond-Forrester model (UDFM) [sup][8] was recommended as the clinical algorithm.
Impact of Clinical Guideline Recommendations on the Application of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Patients with Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Although many physicians estimate pretest probability of malignancy intuitively, validated tools are readily available and can help in clinical decision-making.
Pulmonary nodule on x-ray: an algorithmic approach
An individualized estimate of pretest probability (PPD) was based on estimates of the prevalence of disease by symptom, age and gender established by Diamond and Forrestor (2).
Clinical implications of ST segment time-course recovery patterns during the exercise stress test
The posttest probability for disease associated with a particular test result can be estimated based on the pretest probability and the LR for that particular test result [25, 27].
Current concepts and future directions for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies
Clinical practice guidelines indicate that the potential harms of CT angiography outweigh the benefits for patients with a low pretest probability of pulmonary embolism.
Choosing Wisely means fewer CTs amid low risk
HIV/heart experts advise first figuring the pretest probability that a person has CHD.
When and how to screen for cardiovascular disease risk in people with HIV

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