root

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ROOT. That part of a tree or plant under ground from which it draws most of its nourishment from the earth.
     2. When the roots of a tree planted in one man's land extend into that of another, this circumstance does not give the latter any right to the tree, though such is the doctrine of the civil law; Dig. 41, 1, 7, 13; but such person has a right to cut off the roots up to his line. Rolle's R. 394, vide Tree.
     3. In a figurative sense, the term root is used to signify the person from whom one or more others are descended. Vide Descent; Per stirpes.

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Except for resorptive defect or caries, root perforations are iatrogenic and are one of the main causes of endodontic failures.
AN EVALUATION OF FURCAL PERFORATION REPAIR USING MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE AND RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT WITH AND WITHOUT THE USE OF OPERATING MICROSCOPE- AN IN VITRO STUDY
Root perforation is an unnatural communication between the root canal system and the supporting tissues of the teeth or the oral cavity [9].
Successful Management of Teeth with Different Types of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions
(12) The presence of pulp stones, calcification, misplaced tooth (incorrect inclination in the arch, tipping or rotation), extensive caries, internal root resorption, misidentification of the root canal, an extra-coronal restoration or intracanal posts are factors that may make root canal access difficult, and predispose to root perforation. (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17) An insufficient access cavity reduces the quality of root canal debridement and may affect the final root canal preparation shape.
Root perforations: a review of diagnosis, prognosis and materials
Effect of Various Endodontic Irrigants on the Push-out Bond Strength of Biodentine and Conventional Root Perforation Repair Materials.
BIODENTINE[TM] AS A FURCAL PERFORATION REPAIR MATERIAL--A CASE SERIES/BIODENTIN[TM]--MATERIJAL ZA REPARACIJU FURKALNIH PERFORACIJA--PRIKAZ SERIJE SLUCAJEVA
The data included tooth type, shape of the root canal, length, presence of voids and taper of root canal fillings, separated instrument, ledge formation, strip, furcal and root perforation were examined in each root canal.
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL QUALITY OF ROOT CANAL FILLINGS PERFORMED BY UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS
Based on the success of cases done, MTA provides an effective seal of root perforation and shows permissible results in improving the prognosis of perforated teeth that would otherwise be compromised.
Non surgical and surgical approach for mid root perforation repair using mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report of two cases
(9) Unnecessarily vigorous use of ultrasound as well as use of ultrasonic tips in more apical regions of the root canal could lead to adverse outcomes such as root perforation or weakening.
Root resection in maxillary molar with a retained fractured instrument and periodontal defect
Except for resorptive defects or caries, furcation or root perforations are iatrogenic in nature and are the key causes of endodontic failure.
Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability of ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and Bone Cement in the Repair of Furcation Perforation--An In Vitro Study
Kasuya et al., "Accuracy in the diagnosis of vertical root fractures, external root resorptions, and root perforations using cone-beam computed tomography with different voxel sizes of acquisition," Journal of Conservative Dentistry, vol.
Detection of Vertical Root Fractures Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Presence and Absence of Gutta-Percha
The results confirmed that MTA without matrix provides an effective seal of root perforations and clinical healing of the surrounding periodontal tissue.21
FURCAL PERFORATION REPAIR: MTA VERSUS CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a material used worldwide in a variety of clinical applications, such as an apical barrier for teeth with immature apices, repair of root perforations, root-end filling, pulp capping, and pulpotomy procedures [2-9].
Pulp revascularization in immature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis using mineral trioxide aggregate
In some cases, root perforations can result from resorptions and carious lesions.
Histological evaluation of the bone repair using mineral trioxide aggregate combined to a material carrier/Evaluacion histologica del proceso de reparacion osea utilizando agregado trioxido mineral combinado a un material cargador

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