Finally, overexpression of Pax7 can convert CD45(+)Sca-1(+) hematopoietic cells into
skeletal muscle cells [49].
Hood, "Interactions between ROS and AMP kinase activity in the regulation of PGC1-alpha transcription in
skeletal muscle cells," American Journal of Physiology.
L6
skeletal muscle cells stably expressing rat GLUT4 with a myc epitope inserted in the first exofacial loop (L6-GLUT4myc), a kind gift of Dr Amira Klip, Program Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic solution (10,000 U/ml penicillin G, 10mg/ml streptomycin, 25 [micro]g/ml amphotericin B) in a humidified atmosphere of air and 5% C[O.sub.2] at 37[degrees]C.
We then examined the effects of obesity-related factors, including free fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cytokines (e.g., TNF[alpha]) on the expression of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL in C2C12
skeletal muscle cells. Figure 1(e) shows that treatment with the obesity-related factors upregulated expression of 4-1BB but not 4-1BBL mRNA in C2C12 myotubes.
Once they were able to isolate
skeletal muscle cells using the newly identified surface markers, the research team matured those cells in the lab to create dystrophin-producing muscle fibers.
reported that in C2C12 myoblast cells and in primary
skeletal muscle cells, IGFBP-5 acts in an IGF-dependent manner to promote myogenesis by binding to IGF-2 and promoting its interaction with the IGF-1R [39].
An additional elegant approach is to induce contraction of human
skeletal muscle cells or clonal cell lines by electrical pulse stimulation [2124].
On the contrary, the present article highlights literature consistent with (i) a primary role of insulin-responsive cells such as endothelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and
skeletal muscle cells in singlet oxygen formation even prior to the activation of neutrophils and (ii) an important role of singlet oxygen in decreased insulin signaling by the insulin-responsive cells.
In adipocyte and
skeletal muscle cell under basal conditions, around 5% of GLUT4 is present in the surface membranes; insulin stimulation increases its level to about 50% [70].
Myogenin is the only MRFs gene expressed in all
skeletal muscle cell lines.
Differentiated C2C12
skeletal muscle cells were incubated with palmitate (0.75 mM) and/or silibinin (100 [micro]g/mL) in the presence or absence of wortmannin (50 nM), and then stimulated with insulin (100 nM) before cells were harvested for Western blotting.
(2000) Aldosterone- and testosterone-mediated intracellular calcium response in
skeletal muscle cell cultures.